![]() | Browns, Daniaids, Emperors, Fritillaries, Nymphs, and Satyrs PAPILIONOIDEA | ![]() | (donherbisonevans@yahoo.com) and Stella Crossley |
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The pupae of many NYMPHALIDAE species hang vertically by tiny anal hooks from a silken pad (cremaster), which is very distinctive. Other families, if they have a cremaster, tend to stand on it, rather than dangle from it. For some of the Browns, pupation occurs in the ground, and the pupa remains unattached to anything.
![]() Yoma sabina |
![]() butterfly family pupae | ![]() butterflies | ![]() Lepidoptera | ![]() pupae | ![]() butterfly family pupae |
(updated 3 July 2014, 7 November 2022)